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KMID : 1234420110390030200
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Korean Journal of Microbiololgy and Biotechnology
2011 Volume.39 No. 3 p.200 ~ p.209
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Effective Feeding Methods for the Reduction of Malodor and an Increase in Productivity in Livestock
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Lee Eun-Young
Lim Jung-Soo
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Abstract
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Animals produce important commercial products such as meat, milk, and eggs. Higher consumption and urbanization have increased the demand for more animal products to a stage where the demand is so strong that larger livestock are now being raised in more crowded conditions on small farms. A greater production of excreta and the resulting malodor are an inevitable consequence of these more condensed breeding patterns. Control of malodor has become a key environmental concern for the further development of the livestock industry. This research review illustrates that the major types of odor produced in livestock environments can be subdivided into four main categories; volatile fatty acids, ammonia and volatile amine, indole and phenols, and sulfur compounds. A number of studies concerning feed, co-feed and probiotics have been conducted in order to improve the environment and/or the productivity in the livestock industry. The results suggest that, as more than half of excreted urea is nitrogen, low protein feed should be used. In addition, synthetic amino acid feed and supplements of digestive enzymes, microbial agents and/or probiotics, are all methods used for reducing nitrogen excretion.
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KEYWORD
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Livestock, feeding, malodor, environment, productivity
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